A+ Glossary

In the field of commercial real estate in Québec, projects are becoming increasingly complex. Between design methods, technical challenges, and financial objectives, it is essential to understand the industry’s terminology.

This glossary, created by A+, guides you through the key terms to master, whether you are a real estate broker, asset owner, or leasing manager. It covers concepts related to integrated design, construction costs, project management, and leasable areas.

Design, Architecture & Fit-Out

Commercial Architecture

Architectural design tailored to uses, flows, and codes specific to commercial assets. See our office projects for concrete examples.

Commercial Interior Design

Interior layouts oriented toward tenant appeal and user experience from the first visit. See our thoughts on the modern workplace in office design trends.

Integrated Design (IPD / GPCI)

A process that brings design, engineering, and construction together from day one to reduce friction and secure cost and schedule. We apply the GPCI model in projects like Behavox (Montréal).

Bespoke Design

Tailored design aligned with brand, culture, user journeys, and real operating needs. Examples across our office and retail work.

Product Driven Design

A+ methodology where design is driven by the expected outcome (function, experience, maintainability) for maximum value. See our integrated approach.

Turnkey Fit-Out

End-to-end solution covering design, project management, and delivery to handover, as at Institut Teccart.

Modularity

The ability of a layout to evolve with the organization without heavy works.

Prefabrication

Off-site production of components (partitions, modular rooms) to accelerate delivery and reduce risk.

Functional Design

Design centered on use and operational performance before aesthetics. See Behavox and other flow-driven workspaces.

Design Schedule

Milestone plan for design and approvals to control timeframes and responsibilities. See design-build approach.

Agile Office

Flexible workspace designed to adapt quickly to teams and projects. See workspace trends.

Collaborative Spaces

Zones dedicated to exchange and co-creation, balanced with quiet rooms. Example: Tribal.

Open Plan

Open floor plate that fosters collaboration and flexibility, complemented by enclosed rooms for focus and acoustics.

Workplace Ergonomics

Principles supporting health and productivity at workstations, flows, and equipment. See optimize the workplace.

Clinic Fit-Out

Design of medical environments that are compliant, hygienic, and reassuring for patients. Example: Fertilys.

Pre-Built Suites

Ready-to-lease offices with a standard layout to accelerate occupancy. Examples: Viger, 400 Atlantic.

Well-Being in Real Estate

Design approach promoting occupant health through light, acoustics, and materials. Read well-being at the office.

Behavox Case

Flagship project illustrating GPCI, functional design, and fast delivery. Read the case study.

Institut Teccart Case

Example of turnkey delivery with standardized scheduling. See Institut Teccart.

Construction & Costs

Construction Costs

All expenses required to transform a space (materials, labor, professional services). Read how to estimate costs.

Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP)

Contractual commitment to deliver within an agreed amount through rigorous risk management. See our integrated approach.

Feasibility Study

Early diagnostic of technical constraints, costs, schedule, and compliance to secure decisions and negotiations.

Budget Planning

Upfront financial modeling to anticipate trade-offs and prevent surprises during construction.

Cost Optimization

Technical and design choices that maximize value without sacrificing quality. Example: Tec Energy.

Budget Overruns

Gaps to budget caused by weak preparation, site contingencies, or coordination issues. Prevent with integrated design.

Value Engineering

Analysis to achieve the best cost-to-benefit ratio per component from the design phase. See A+ method.

Construction Risk

Contingencies that can impact timeline, quality, or CAPEX. See our management on Hutchison.

Indirect Construction Costs

Insurance, permits, management, taxes, and other non-direct expenses. Read cost estimation.

Commercial Renovation

Transformation works for commercial premises, occupied or not. Case: Sheraton Montréal.

Institutional Renovation

Projects in education, healthcare, or public settings with heightened requirements. See Institut Teccart.

Brick Stripping

Technique to restore existing masonry. Read brick stripping.

Masonry Works

Structural and aesthetic interventions on walls, joints, cladding, and waterproofing. See membrane under brick.

Heritage Roof Painting

Protection and enhancement of historic roofs in line with conservation standards. Case: before and after.

Extension

Expanding an existing building to gain usable area while managing structural and envelope constraints.

Project Management & Strategy

Real Estate Project Management

End-to-end governance from concept to delivery while controlling cost, schedule, and quality. See Project Management.

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)

A+ model where all parties collaborate early to reduce friction. See GPCI and Behavox.

Single Point of Contact

A central counterpart coordinating client, architect, engineering, and contractor. See our approach.

Interdisciplinary Coordination

Alignment across disciplines to ensure technical coherence and execution efficiency. Example: Dialogue.

Technical Due Diligence (Pre-Lease Audit)

Assessment of existing conditions before lease or transformation to reduce risk (structure, MEP, envelope, code).

Real Estate Due Diligence

Technical and regulatory analyses to validate acquisitions, sales, or transformations. Example: St-Hubert.

Code Compliance

Compliance with zoning, accessibility, fire protection, and Québec Building Code considered early in design.

Fast-Track Delivery

Organization and methods to compress timelines and accelerate handover. Reference: Ubiweb.

Delivery Guarantee

Commitment to quality, budget, and schedule, governed contractually and by project leadership.

Sublease

Temporary assignment of a space to a third party within lease terms. Read sublease & retrofit.

Retrofit

Modernizing an existing asset to improve performance, compliance, and appeal. See article.

Design-Build

Contract model integrating design and construction under one driver. See design-build.

Cost-Plus

Reimbursable fee contract with transparent costing and flexibility. See cost-plus.

Commercial & Leasing

Gross Leasable Area (GLA)

Total floor area of a space including the pro-rata share of common areas. Compare to Net and Usable.

Net Leasable Area (NLA)

Leased area including a share of common areas, typically used for invoicing.

Usable Area

Area effectively usable by the tenant for operations, excluding commons.

Common Areas

Shared zones such as lobbies, corridors, elevators, and restrooms included in gross areas.

Efficiency Ratio

Ratio of usable to total area, a key performance indicator for office plans.

Rentable Square Feet

Standard unit for leased areas in commercial real estate, often tied to NLA.

Fit-Out / Ready-to-Lease

Space delivered with a standard layout enabling quick occupation. Read about frictionless leasing.

Commercial Real Estate Transaction

Process of selling, buying, or leasing a professional asset, including due diligence and negotiation.

Double-Net / Triple-Net (NN / NNN)

Lease types where tenant assumes taxes, insurance, and maintenance in addition to base rent.

Market Rental Value

Realistic rent expected for a given space based on supply, demand, location, and asset condition.

Capitalization Rate (Cap Rate)

Rate based on net operating income relative to acquisition price, used to gauge asset yield.

Remaining Lease Term

Period left before the end of the current commercial lease.

Lease Renewal

Extension of a lease at expiration, often including renegotiation of terms.

Real Estate Market

Supply and demand dynamics affecting rents, absorption, and asset value. Read market analysis.

Frictionless Leasing

Simplified leasing journey enabled by ready spaces, standardized design, and smooth coordination. See our article.

A+ Cost-Saving Tools

Typical Budget

Standardized budgeting model for quick cost estimates by space type. Featured in Behavox.

McLainy Curve

Tool showing the impact of early design decisions on cost and overall value. Part of our integrated approach.

Standardized Schedule

Baseline calendar to anticipate major steps and identify risk zones. Used for Institut Teccart.

Process 11 17

Internal A+ procedure structuring coordination across design, construction, and delivery from week one.